1. Probiotics & GLP-1 Modulation (Animal Study)
Composite probiotics alleviate type 2 diabetes by regulating intestinal microbiota and inducing GLP-1 secretion in db/db mice.
Study showing that specific probiotics increased levels of short-chain fatty acids and enhanced GLP-1 production in a diabetic mouse model.
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32035395/ PubMed
2. Review: Probiotics & Gut Hormones
Probiotic regulation of gut hormones following antibiotic-induced dysbiosis: Insights into host-microbiota-endocrine interactions
Review summarizing how probiotics may influence gut hormone balance, including GLP-1, PYY, and ghrelin.
URL:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100158
3. Clinical Trial (Metabolic Outcomes)
The Roles of Probiotics in the Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Outcomes in Asymptomatic Post-Gestational Diabetes Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
GLP-1 markers.
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36145254/ PubMed
4. Mechanistic Insights (Human Samples)
Analysis of Intestinal Short-Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism Profile After Probiotics and GLP-1 Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Reports changes in gut metabolites, including SCFAs linked to GLP-1 pathways, after probiotics and GLP-1 treatments.
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35846273/ PubMed
5. Gut Microbiota & GLP-1 Review
Gut microbiota and GLP-1
Review describing how gut microbiota fermentation and metabolites like SCFAs can stimulate GLP-1 secretion via receptors in enteroendocrine cells.
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24789701/ PubMed
6. Probiotics & Diabetes: Mechanisms Overview
The Antidiabetic Potential of Probiotics: A Review
Reviews possible mechanisms by which probiotics influence metabolic health, including SCFA production and GLP-1 pathways.
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39125375/ PubMed